Ganglion cyst
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| Ganglion cyst | |
| Classification and external resources | |
 | |
|---|---|
| Cyst on right wrist | |
| ICD-10 | M67.4 |
| ICD-9 | 727.4 |
| DiseasesDB | 31229 |
| eMedicine | orthoped/493 |
A ganglion cyst (also known as a bible bump) is a swelling that often appears on or around joints and tendons in the hand or foot. The size of the cyst can vary over time. It is most frequently located around the wrist and on the fingers. The term "Bible Bump" comes from a commonurban legend that treatment by pounding on the cyst with a Bible or another large book occurred in the past.[1]
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[edit]Cause
Ganglion cysts are idiopathic, but presumably reflect a variation in normal joint or tendon sheath function. Cysts near joints are connected to the joint and the leading theory is that a type of check valve forms that allows fluid out of the joint, but not back in. The cyst contains clear fluid similar to, but thicker than normal synovial fluid. They are most often found around the wrist joint, especially at the scapho-lunate joint, which accounts for 80% of all ganglion cysts.
As with many other hand conditions, some speculate that arm use can increase the risk of ganglion formation [2] but there is no scientific evidence to support this claim, and it may unfairly stigmatize arm use.
[edit]Treatment
If a ganglion cyst is symptomatic, it can be managed by aspiration or excision. Aspiration of the cyst is the simpler of the two procedures, but cysts recur in more than 50% of cases. With surgery, the recurrence rate is reduced to only 5 to 10% if the check valve at the joint capsule is removed.
- Arthroscopy of the wrist is becoming available as an alternative to open excision of ganglion cysts. During arthroscopy, the origin of the cyst can be seen within the joint.
- An urban legend states that the traditional method of treating a ganglion cyst was to strike the lump with a large, heavy book, causing the cyst to rupture and drain into the surrounding tissues.[3] Since even the poorest households often possessed a Bible (referring to the large family Bibles), this was commonly used, which led to the nicknaming of ganglion cysts as "Bible Bumps" or "Gideon's Disease."
[edit]Epidemiology
The epidemiology is not well studied, but some have stated that they occur most often in the 20–60 age group and are three times more common in women.[4] They can also occur in teenagers.
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[edit]See also
[edit]References
- ^ http://www.eatonhand.com/hw/hw013.htm
- ^ Browse NL (1997) Symptoms and Signs of Surgical Disease. 3rd ed. London: Arnold.
- ^ http://www.eatonhand.com/hw/hw013.htm
- ^ eMedicine - Ganglion Cyst : Article by George J Kouris
[edit]External links
- Ganglions (cysts) of the wrist - American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
- A Patient's Guide to Ganglions of the Wrist
- Ganglion cyst - Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety
- Ganglion cyst - eMedicine.com
- Ganglion Cyst - medscape.com
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